Mitundu ya Zowononga Mpweya

Mabakiteriya ndi nthata za fumbi

Malingana ngati pali chinyezi ndi zinthu zamoyo, ndizosavuta kwambiri kuti mabakiteriya, mavairasi, nkhungu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tichuluke, monga pagalasi, mkati mwa zipangizo zapakhomo, m'ming'alu ya makoma, pamatabwa, ngakhale pamapulagi. za makatiriji apamwamba a petulo a ndege za jet.Fumbi nthata Komano, ngati lonyowa ndi kutentha ndi kukula makamaka pa fumbi, matiresi, pilo, sofa ndi mipando, zovala, chakudya, etc. Onse nthata zamoyo ndi akufa, ndipo ngakhale khungu lawo losungunuka kapena ndowe, ndi antigenic. ndipo angayambitse mphumu kapena ming'oma.

Formaldehyde

Chemical formula CH2O, dzina lachingerezi Formalin, mpweya wokhala ndi fungo lowopsa, mpweya wotentha, wowopsa kwambiri, ndi gwero lodziwika lapoizoni lopotoka, lodziwika ndi World Health Organisation ngati kalasi I carcinogen (ie, carcinogenic kwa anthu ndi nyama), ilinso yamphamvu ya mutagen, pamndandanda waku China wowongolera mankhwala oopsa m'malo achiwiri (woyamba ndi dioxin).Komabe, kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofala kwa formaldehyde m'makampani kwapangitsa kuti ikhale yowononga kwambiri thanzi la anthu m'nyumba, makamaka mumlengalenga.Formaldehyde makamaka imachokera ku zokongoletsera zamkati ndi zokongoletsera.Mapanelo opangidwa ndi matabwa monga zomatira, plywood, zolumikizira, MDF ndi matabwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa mkati.Kafukufuku wa Yokohama National University ku Japan akuwonetsa kuti nthawi yotulutsa formaldehyde mu mapanelo opangidwa ndi anthu nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka 3-15.Kuphatikiza apo, mapepala amapepala, makapeti a fiber fiber, matailosi apansi apulasitiki, thovu, utoto, ma lacquers ndi zoonda zimakhalanso ndi kuchuluka kwa formaldehyde.

PM2.5

PM2.5 si 2.5 pm, ndiye chidule cha Particulate matter, amatanthauza mpweya wochepera kapena wofanana ndi ma microns 2.5 m'mimba mwake (1 mm = 1000 microns), tinthu tating'onoting'ono to PM2.5 timayang'anitsitsa chifukwa ndi zazing'ono zokwanira kulowa mwachindunji m'mapapo ngakhale magazi, ndipo chifukwa iwo akhoza kukhala chonyamulira cha bakiteriya ndi tizilombo tiziromboti, choncho akhoza kuvulaza kwambiri.

Benzene

Mabenzene amapezeka ochuluka mu zosungunulira za organic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzomangira zosiyanasiyana, monga zowonjezera utoto ndi zokutira, zowonda, ndi zinthu zina zotsekereza madzi.Mipando yabwino imatha kutulutsanso ma VOC monga benzene.Wallpaper, chikopa chapansi, plywood ndi utoto ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimawononga mpweya wamkati wa hydrocarbon.Kukoka mpweya wochuluka wa benzene nthunzi pakanthawi kochepa kungayambitse poizoni wa benzene ndi kupsinjika kwapakati pamitsempha monga chifukwa chachikulu, ndi chizungulire, mutu, nseru, chifuwa chomangika, kufooka, komanso chikumbumtima chochepa kwambiri: , chikomokere kapena ngakhale kupuma ndi kulephera kwa magazi ndi imfa.Kuwonetsa kwanthawi yayitali kwa benzene wocheperako kumatha kuyambitsa poizoni, chizungulire, kusowa tulo, kukhumudwa, kukumbukira kukumbukira ndi matenda ena amitsempha, komanso kuwonetseredwa kwakhungu, maso ndi chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti, kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi, kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a magazi, milandu yayikulu. angapangitse m`mafupa hematopoietic kukanika, uchembere ntchito alinso ndi zotsatira zina.Benzene ndi carcinogen yoopsa.

Radon yam'nyumba

Mu lipoti la bungwe la United Nations Scientific Committee on Atomic Radiation Effects mu 1982, zinasonyezedwa kuti zipangizo zomangira ndizo gwero lofunika kwambiri la radon ya m’nyumba.Monga granite, mchenga wa njerwa, simenti ndi gypsum, makamaka mwala wachilengedwe wokhala ndi zinthu zotulutsa ma radiation, ndizosavuta kumasula radon.Miyala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi ma radioactivity osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha komwe idachokera, kapangidwe ka geological ndi zaka zakubadwa.Boma la State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision lachita kuyang'anira ndikuwunikanso zitsanzo pamiyala yachilengedwe pamsika.Radon yatsimikiziridwa ngati carcinogen yaumunthu ndi International Agency for Research on Cancer.Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo, radon amalembedwa ngati chinthu chachiwiri pambuyo pa kusuta.Ma radiation a electromagnetic amatha kukhudza mitsempha ya anthu, kuberekana, mtima, chitetezo chamthupi komanso maso.Mwala wachilengedwe umakhalanso ndi ma radioactivity ena, ma radioactivity ake makamaka amapangidwa ndi radium, thorium ndi potaziyamu zinthu zitatu za radioactive pakuwola, zovulaza zake zimakhala mu vivo cheza ndi ma radiation a in vitro.

Zosasinthasintha

Total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) m'nyumba makamaka amachokera ku utoto, utoto wamadzi, zomatira, zodzoladzola, zotsukira, matabwa opangira, mapepala, makapeti, etc. , alkenes, haloalkenes, esters, aldehydes, ketoni ndi ena.

Asibesitosi

Asibesitosi pawokha siwowopsa, kuwonongeka kwake kwakukulu kumachokera ku ulusi wake.Ichi ndi chaching'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi chosawoneka ndi ulusi wamaso.Tizingwe ting'onoting'ono timeneti tikakowetsedwa, timatha kulumikiza ndi kuyika m'mapapo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a m'mapapo monga asbestosis ndi zotupa za interdermal za pleura ndi peritoneum;matenda am'mapapowa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yobisika.Chifukwa chake, asibesitosi adadziwika kuti ndi carcinogen ndi International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Ammonia

Ammonia makamaka amachokera ku zosakaniza za konkire zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba: makamaka nthawi yachisanu yomanga, antifreeze ya konkire ndi urea ndi ammonia monga zowonjezera zowonjezera kumakoma a konkire.Izi admixtures munali wambirimbiri ammonia zinthu yasanduka ammonia m'makoma ndi kusintha kutentha ndi chinyezi ndi zina zachilengedwe zinthu ndipo pang'onopang'ono anamasulidwa ku makoma, kuchititsa kuwonjezeka kwambiri ndende ya ammonia mu m'nyumba mpweya.Kuphatikiza apo, ammonia mumpweya wamkati amathanso kuchokera ku zowonjezera ndi zoyera muzokongoletsera zamkati.Komabe, nthawi yotulutsa kuipitsidwa kumeneku ndi yofulumira, ndipo simadziunjikira mumlengalenga kwa nthawi yayitali mochuluka, zomwe sizivulaza anthu.Ammonia ndi gasi wopanda mtundu wokhala ndi fungo lamphamvu.Ndi zinthu zamchere zomwe zimawononga ndikukwiyitsa minofu yomwe imakumana nayo.Ammonia amatha kuyamwa madzi m'minyewa, kupanga mapuloteni a minofu, ndi saponify mafuta a minofu, kuwononga kapangidwe ka cell membrane, ndi kufooketsa thupi kulimbana ndi matenda.Yaitali kukhudzana otsika woipa wa ammonia kungayambitse hoarseness wa pakhosi ndi mawu mbandakucha milandu, ndi laryngeal edema, laryngeal kuphipha, ndipo ngakhale kupuma mavuto, m`mapapo mwanga edema, chikomokere ndi mantha mu zolemera milandu.Kuphatikiza pa kuwononga mphamvu pamene ndende ikukwera kwambiri, ingayambitsenso kumangidwa kwa mtima ndi kupuma kwa kupuma kupyolera mu mphamvu ya reflex ya trigeminal nerve endings.

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